Brown attention-deficit disorder scales sample report

Thus, investigation of sex differences in mind wandering is especially pertinent as it does not depend on behavioural adaption to the same degree as traditional ADHD measures.

Assessing mind wandering in ADHD could be especially relevant to individuals, including many females, who present with less externalising manifestations of ADHD. Furthermore, the traditional symptoms of ADHD may not be obvious in people who have developed good adaptive skills that mask the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. It may also be more difficult for individuals to reflect upon the behavioural symptoms that are currently used in the diagnostic criteria, while they may be better able to report on internal thought processes. Excessive mind wandering may be particularly relevant to the assessment of ADHD in adolescence and adulthood when self-report plays a larger role in the diagnostic process. In contrast to the core ADHD symptoms, mind wandering reflects internal thought processes, as opposed to directly observable behaviours. Excessive mind wandering has been linked to impairment in ADHD 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and could reflect a core underlying symptom 10. Mind wandering is conceptualised as periods in time when attention and the contents of thoughts shift away from external sources and/or ongoing tasks, to unrelated internal thoughts or feelings 4. Although ADHD diagnosis is made based on the presence of core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity 2, other characteristic features, such as subjective reports of excessive mind wandering could aid the diagnostic process and/or monitoring of treatment outcomes 3. Given the extensive evidence that ADHD is not confined to childhood and also occurs in adulthood, identifying measures to aid diagnostic assessment and monitoring of treatment outcomes in this age group is of considerable interest to research and clinical practice 1. Results suggest the MEWS is a reliable and valid instrument measuring the same construct across sex, age and ADHD status, which could aid diagnosis and monitoring of outcomes. We also found similar levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity, emotional lability, and impairment in males and females with ADHD, but males reported greater inattention and lower wellbeing. Among those with ADHD, we found no evidence for sex differences in mind wandering and among those without ADHD males had higher scores. The MEWS had a unidimensional structure, was invariant across sex, age and ADHD status, and accounted for unique variance in impairment and wellbeing beyond core ADHD symptoms. We also investigated sex differences in mind wandering, as well as ADHD symptoms, impairment and wellbeing in those with and without ADHD. Using data from an online general population survey, the current study assessed the factor-structure, reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the MEWS. Using a new measure based on ADHD patient reports, the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS), we previously found adults with ADHD had elevated levels of mind wandering that contributed to impairment independently of core ADHD symptoms. We believe assessing mind wandering could be especially relevant to individuals, including many females, who present with less externalising manifestations of ADHD. Recent studies highlight the role of excessive mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with impairment.

Brown attention-deficit disorder scales sample report